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Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology
The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology in London is part of University College London Museums & Collections. The museum contains over 80,000 objects and ranks among some of the world's leading collections of Egyptian and Sudanese material.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology )〕 It ranks behind only the collections of the Cairo Museum, The British Museum and the Ägyptisches Museum, Berlin in number and quality of items.
==History==
The museum was established as a teaching resource for the Department of Egyptian Archaeology and Philology at University College at the same time as the department was established in 1892. The initial collection was donated by the writer Amelia Edwards.〔Moon, Brenda E.: More usefully employed : Amelia B. Edwards, writer, traveller and campaigner for ancient Egypt. London : Egypt Exploration Society, 2006.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Petrie Museum - Hidden London )〕 The first Edwards Professor, William Flinders Petrie〔Margaret S. Drower, Flinders Petrie: A Life in Archaeology, (2nd publication) University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. ISBN 0-299-14624-3〕 conducted many important excavations,〔William Matthew Flinders Petrie, Seventy Years in Archaeology, H. Holt and Company 1932〕 and in 1913 he sold his collections of Egyptian antiquities to University College, transforming the museum into one of the leading collections outside Egypt. Petrie excavated dozens of major sites in the course of his career, including the Roman Period cemeteries at Hawara, famous for the beautiful mummy portraits in classical Roman style;〔Janet Picton, Stephen Quirke, and Paul C. Roberts (eds), "Living Images: Egyptian Funerary Portraits in the Petrie Museum." 2007. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek.〕 Amarna, the city of king Akhenaten, known as the first king to believe in one God;〔Petrie, W. M. Flinders Sir, 1853-1942 Tell el-Amarna, London, Methuen & co.〕 and the first true pyramid, at Meydum, where he uncovered some of the earliest evidence for mummification.
The collection and library were arranged in galleries within the university and a guidebook published in 1915. Initially, the collection's visitors were students and academics; it was not then open to the general public. Petrie retired from UCL in 1933, though his successors continued to add to the collections, excavating in other parts of Egypt and the Sudan. During the Second World War (1939–1945) the collection was packed up and moved out of London for safekeeping. In the early 1950s it was moved into a former stable, where it remains adjacent to the science library of UCL.
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